Bacterial infections
Bacterial infections often follow minor trauma to the skin – any wound, even the most trivial, can become infected, and there is particularly high risk in hot, tropical countries. Dirty, penetrating wounds, animal bites and coral cuts are highly susceptible to secondary infection by bacteria.
Try to use an appropriate antiseptic if you have a cut or a bite but if not available , boiled, preferably saline, water or alcohol are alternatives. Seek a doctors advice if you find any signs of infection or swelling, fever etc.
Fungal infections
Fungal skin infections are very common especially in hot, humid climates or if you wear tight-fitting, synthetic clothing. Generally, fungal infections can be distinguished from bacterial because they tend to itch rather than cause pain. Athlete's foot, ringworm, thrush and tinea infections (eg “jock rot” or “jock itch”) are all common examples of fungal infections. The symptoms are often made worse by wearing shoes that causes the feet to overheat (eg trainers/sneakers).
Ringworm is not caused by a worm but by a variety of different, although related, moulds (including those that cause athlete's foot). The infection starts with an itchy, raised, slightly scaly red patch which, over the course of a few days, expands in size to form a red ring. Ringworm can occur anywhere on the body (often the arms and trunk), and spread elsewhere is not uncommon.
Viral infections
Viral infections, with one or two exceptions, tend to cause widespread rashes, whereas bacterial or fungal infections tend to be more localized. There is no specific treatment for most viral skin infections, although calamine, hydrocortisone and oral antihistamines can reduce itching.
Signs that a wound is infected
• Local redness
• Heat
• Swelling
• Pain
• Pus (thick white/yellow)
• Lymphangitis (see opposite)
• Local lymph-gland swelling
• Fever
Impetigo is a bacterial infection particularly common in children and highly contagious. They affect the face usually painless, but when scratched can cause pus to spread. Before you travel take care of your kids hygiene, cut their nails and carry their towels. |